Religion in Uzbekistan - WikipediaReligion in Uzbekistan (Central Asia Barometer 2018)[1] Other or undeclared (2%) Devonaboy Mosque in Andijan. Islam is the main religion in Uzbekistan. Islam is the predominant religion in Uzbekistan. It totals 94% of the population. Religiosity and confessions[edit] According to WIN-Gallup International's 2012 Global Index of religiosity and atheism, 79% of the respondents from Uzbekistan who took part in the survey considered themselves a religious person, another 16% stated they were not religious, 2% convinced atheists, and 3% had checked no response box. [3] As of 1 June 2019 there were 2, 286 registered religious organisations from 16 different confessions:[4] In total, 2098 mosques and islamic organizations, 160 churches and 28 other religious organizations Churches, religious schools and centres N 1 Islam 2098 2 Korean Christian Church 37 3 Russian Orthodox Church 52 4 Baptists 23 5 Pentecostalism 21 6 Seventh-day Adventist Church 10 7 Judaism 8 Baháʼí Faith 9 Roman Catholic Church New Apostolic Church 11 Lutheranism 12 Armenian Apostolic Church 13 Jehovah's Witnesses 14 Krishna Consciousness 15 Buddhism 16 Church of Voice of God 17 Bible Society[5] 18 Uzbekistan Zoroastrian Anjuman[6] Soviet era[edit] State atheism was an official policy in the Soviet Union and other Marxist–Leninist states.
3% Muslim. [11] Christianity[edit] Prior to the advent of Islam, present-day Uzbekistan had communities of Eastern Christians, including Assyrians (historically associated with Nestorianism) and Jacobites (historically associated with miaphysitism). Between the 7th and the 14th centuries Nestorian communities were established, through an extraordinary missionary effort, in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan. Major Christian centres emerged in Bukhara and Samarkand. Amongst artifacts that have been discovered in Central Asia, many coins with crosses on them have been recovered from around Bukhara, mostly dating from the late seventh or early eighth centuries. In fact, more coins with Christian symbols have been found near Bukhara than anywhere else in Central Asia, prompting the suggestion that Christianity was the religion of the ruling dynasty or even state religion in the principality where this coinage was issued.
The Soviet Union used the term gosateizm, a syllabic abbreviation of "state" (gosudarstvo) and "atheism" (ateizm), to refer to a policy of expropriation of religious property, publication of information against religion and the official promotion of anti-religious materials in the education system. By the late 1980s, the Soviets had succeeded in curtailing religion in Uzbekistan by removing its outward manifestations: closing mosques and madrasas; banning religious text and literature; outlawing non-state-sanctioned religious leaders and congregations. [7] Since independence[edit] Uzbekistan is a secular country and Article 61 of its constitution states that religious organizations and associations shall be separated from the state and equal before law. The state shall not interfere in the activity of religious associations.
Various religious orders such as the Franciscans and Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity have a presence in the country and assist in activities such as caring for the poor, prisoners, and the sick. List of Catholic parishes in Uzbekistan Roman Catholic Church of Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent Roman Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist, Samarkand Roman Catholic Church of Holy Mary, Ferghana Roman Catholic Church of St. Andrew Apostle, Bukhara Roman Catholic Church of Holy Mary, Mother of Mercy, Urgench Protestants are less than one percent of the population. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Uzbekistan has seven parishes. The seat of the bishop is in Tashkent. A 2015 study estimates some believers in Christ from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some sort of evangelical or charismatic Protestant community.
During the Soviet era, Moscow greatly distorted the understanding of Islam among Uzbekistan's population and created competing Islamic ideologies among the Central Asians themselves. The government sponsored official anti-religious campaigns and severe crackdowns on any hint of an Islamic movement or network outside of the control of the state. [citation needed] Moreover, many Muslims were subjected to intense Russification. In Uzbekistan the end of Soviet power did not bring an upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism, as many had predicted, but rather a religious revival among the population. Currently, according to a Pew Research Center report, Uzbekistan's population is 96.
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[15] Circa 1918 there were an estimated 1900 Baháʼís in Tashkent. By the period of the Soviet policy of oppression of religion the communities shrank away – by 1963 in the entire USSR there were about 200 Baháʼís. [16] Little is known of the period but the religion began to grow again in the 1980s. [17] In 1991 a Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of the Soviet Union was elected but was quickly split among its former members. [18] In 1994 the National Spiritual Assembly of Uzbekistan was elected. [16][19] In 2008 eight Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies or smaller groups had registered with the government[20] though more recently there were also raids[21] and expulsions.
Judaism[edit] The number of Jews in Uzbekistan is upwardly corrected to 5, 000 in 2007, which presents 0. 2% of the total population. [14] Only a small minority of Bukharan Jews have remained in Uzbekistan. Baháʼí Faith[edit] The Baháʼí Faith in Uzbekistan began in the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the religion.
[22] Hinduism[edit] According to ARDA, there were 734 Hindus in Uzbekistan in 2010. [23] Hare Krishna has one group registered in Uzbekistan. Buddhism[edit] Many Buddhism relics have been found in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan, indicating the wide practice of the religion in antic times. Most of the Buddhist relics are found in the area called Bactria or Tokharestan, actual south-east Uzbekistan near the border with Tajikistan and Afghanistan (Termez, Surkhondaryo province). Zoroastrianism[edit] The ancient pre-Islamic religion of Uzbekistan-Zoroastrianism survives today and is followed by 7, 000 people in Uzbekistan. [24][better source needed] A rite of fire purification, a practice held by Zoroastrians to prevent the temple and holy fire from contaminating by their 'dirty breath', though to some extent modified, is still practiced by some Uzbeks.
[8] In the early 1990s with the end of Soviet power large groups of Islamic missionaries, mostly from Saudi Arabia and Turkey, came to Uzbekistan to propagate Sufi and Wahhabi interpretations of Islam. In 1992, in the town of Namangan, a group of radical Islamists educated at Islamic universities in Saudi Arabia took control of a government building and demanded that president Karimov declare an Islamic state in Uzbekistan and introduce shari‛a as the only legal system.
Islam was brought to the ancestors of modern Uzbeks during the eighth century when the Arabs entered Central Asia. Islam initially took hold in the southern portions of Turkestan and thereafter gradually spread northward. Islamic customs were broadly adopted by the ruling elite, and they began patronage of scholars and conquerors such as Muhammad al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi, al-Biruni, Avicenna, Tamerlane, Ulugh Begh, and Babur.
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