Uzbeg promoted Islam amongst the Golden Horde and fostered Muslim missionary work to expand across Central Asia. In the long run, Islam enabled the khan to eliminate interfactional struggles in the Horde and to stabilize state institutions. During the Soviet era, Moscow greatly distorted the understanding of Islam among Uzbekistan's population and created competing Islamic ideologies among the Central Asians themselves.
Several dates for the appointment of the first bishop in Samarkand are given, including the patriarchates of Ahai (410–415), Shila (505–523), Yeshuyab II (628–643) and Saliba-Zakha (712–728). During this time prior to the Arab invasion, Christianity had become, next to Zoroastrianism, the second most powerful religious force in the territory.
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[14] Only a small minority of Bukharan Jews have remained in Uzbekistan. Baháʼí Faith[edit] The Baháʼí Faith in Uzbekistan began in the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the religion. [15] Circa 1918 there were an estimated 1900 Baháʼís in Tashkent. By the period of the Soviet policy of oppression of religion the communities shrank away – by 1963 in the entire USSR there were about 200 Baháʼís. [16] Little is known of the period but the religion began to grow again in the 1980s.
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[11] Christianity[edit] Prior to the advent of Islam, present-day Uzbekistan had communities of Eastern Christians, including Assyrians (historically associated with Nestorianism) and Jacobites (historically associated with miaphysitism). Between the 7th and the 14th centuries Nestorian communities were established, through an extraordinary missionary effort, in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan.
[17] In 1991 a Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of the Soviet Union was elected but was quickly split among its former members. [18] In 1994 the National Spiritual Assembly of Uzbekistan was elected. [16][19] In 2008 eight Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies or smaller groups had registered with the government[20] though more recently there were also raids[21] and expulsions. [22] Hinduism[edit] According to ARDA, there were 734 Hindus in Uzbekistan in 2010. [23] Hare Krishna has one group registered in Uzbekistan. Buddhism[edit] Many Buddhism relics have been found in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan, indicating the wide practice of the religion in antic times.
Furthermore, Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, the Spanish ambassador to Timur's court, mentions Nestorian Christians, Jacobite Christians, Armenian Christians and Greek Christians in Samarkand in 1404. However, subsequent persecution during the rule of Timur's grandson Ulugh Beg (1409–1449) resulted in this remnant being completely wiped out. [12][13] After the Russian invasion of 1867, Christian Orthodoxy arrived in the region, with churches built in large cities, to serve Russian and European settlers and officers.
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Most of the Buddhist relics are found in the area called Bactria or Tokharestan, actual south-east Uzbekistan near the border with Tajikistan and Afghanistan (Termez, Surkhondaryo province). Zoroastrianism[edit] The ancient pre-Islamic religion of Uzbekistan-Zoroastrianism survives today and is followed by 7, 000 people in Uzbekistan. [24][better source needed] A rite of fire purification, a practice held by Zoroastrians to prevent the temple and holy fire from contaminating by their 'dirty breath', though to some extent modified, is still practiced by some Uzbeks. When, right after the wedding ceremony, the bride is brought to her young husband's house, the just-married walk 3 times around the fire, as though purifying themselves. And only after this ritual, the groom takes the bride in his arms and carries her into their chambers. [citation needed] Atheism[edit] According to WIN-Gallup International's 2012 Global Index of religiosity and atheism 2% of the respondents who took part in the survey were convinced atheists.
Today most of the Christians in Uzbekistan are ethnic Russians who practice Eastern Orthodox Christianity. There are also communities of Roman Catholics, mostly ethnic Poles. The Catholic Church in Uzbekistan is under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Various religious orders such as the Franciscans and Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity have a presence in the country and assist in activities such as caring for the poor, prisoners, and the sick. List of Catholic parishes in Uzbekistan Roman Catholic Church of Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent Roman Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist, Samarkand Roman Catholic Church of Holy Mary, Ferghana Roman Catholic Church of St.
The state shall not interfere in the activity of religious associations. [8] In the early 1990s with the end of Soviet power large groups of Islamic missionaries, mostly from Saudi Arabia and Turkey, came to Uzbekistan to propagate Sufi and Wahhabi interpretations of Islam. In 1992, in the town of Namangan, a group of radical Islamists educated at Islamic universities in Saudi Arabia took control of a government building and demanded that president Karimov declare an Islamic state in Uzbekistan and introduce shari‛a as the only legal system.
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[3] As of 1 June 2019 there were 2, 286 registered religious organisations from 16 different confessions:[4] In total, 2098 mosques and islamic organizations, 160 churches and 28 other religious organizations Churches, religious schools and centres N 1 Islam 2098 2 Korean Christian Church 37 3 Russian Orthodox Church 52 4 Baptists 23 5 Pentecostalism 21 6 Seventh-day Adventist Church 10 7 Judaism 8 Baháʼí Faith 9 Roman Catholic Church New Apostolic Church 11 Lutheranism 12 Armenian Apostolic Church 13 Jehovah's Witnesses 14 Krishna Consciousness 15 Buddhism 16 Church of Voice of God 17 Bible Society[5] 18 Uzbekistan Zoroastrian Anjuman[6] Soviet era[edit] State atheism was an official policy in the Soviet Union and other Marxist–Leninist states.
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